Urinary tract infection is common, particularly in women
Most often occurring in a normal urinary tract and usually as cystitis, or infection of bladder.
Approximately half of all women will experience a UTI in their lifetime.
It is uncommon in men and children; when diagnosed, it often occurs in an abnormal urinary tract.
UTI is not always uncomplicated; recurrent infection causes considerable morbidity, and infection can lead to life-threatening septicaemia and kidney failure.
Infection is most often caused by bacteria from a patient's own bowel flora and infection usually ascends up the urethra.
In women, the short urethra makes ascending infection more likely.
Rarely, infection may arise from the bloodstream or lymphatics, or by direct extension from an existing infection closer to the urinary tract.
Common organisms causing urinary tract infection include, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus or epidermidis, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella.

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