Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, also known as canker sores, is a common ulcerative inflammatory condition of the oral cavity.
It typically starts in childhood or adolescence as small recurrent, painful, round, or ovoid ulcers with well-defined erythematous margins, with a central yellow or gray floor.
The exact cause of recurrent oral ulcers is not known.
However, genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Additional predisposing factors include the following.
Psychological stress, especially during exam situations.
Trauma, including biting of the mucosa and wearing of dental appliances.
Hormonal changes in women during their cycles.
Cessation of smoking.
And allergies to certain foods, such as pineapples, tomatoes, mushrooms, salted food products etc.
Treatment of mouth ulcers starts with avoiding these triggering factors at the first place.
Pharmacological therapy can be offered with topical anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
In addition, tetracycline is helpful in reducing the severity of ulcers.
Regular mouth washing with a chlorhexidine containing mouth wash also helps prevent further inflammation associated with oral ulcers.
If the topical agents fail to offer enough relief, systemic agents can be given in the form of tablets.
Saying that, there are also several other non-pharmacological methods available to treat recurrent oral ulcers.
Studies have shown that these methods can relive symptoms, as well as reduce the recurrence of oral ulcers.

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