Video Transcript :-

Fatty liver is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and other fats in the liver cells.
Sometimes, it may be accompanied by inflammation and liver cell death, which is known as steatohepatitis.

Major pathological mechanisms for fatty liver include
Decreased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation,
Increased synthesis of fatty acids,
And impaired incorporation of triglycerides as VLDL.
Fatty liver disease is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, which includes type 2 diabetes, obesity, and high triglyceride levels in blood.
Other factors contributing to fatty liver disease include the following.
Drugs such as amiodarone, tamoxifen, and methotrexate.
Alcohol.
Metabolic alterations such as galactosemia, homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, and glycogen storage disease.
Nutritional problems such as overnutrition, severe malnutrition, and total parenteral nutrition.
Celiac sprue.
And Wilson’s disease.

Most patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are asymptomatic.
However, if the fatty infiltration is severe, patients may complain of malaise, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, and upper abdominal discomfort.
About 15% of patients may also have jaundice, or yellowish discoloration of skin and eyes.
Some individuals may have an enlarged liver.
Extrahepatic effects, such as skeletal muscle wasting, cardiomyopathy, pancreatitis, or peripheral neuropathy, may also be present.

Continued alcohol consumption may result in advanced liver disease, either alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Patients with drug-induced fatty liver may present with rapid fulminant liver failure.

An elevated AST or ALT level may be the only laboratory finding in patients with fatty liver disease, and these levels can be high as ten times as normal.
However, in some individuals with fatty liver, ALT and AST levels may be normal.
Other potential laboratory abnormalities include the following.
High blood glucose levels.
Elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels, especially in alcoholic fatty liver disease.
High alkaline phosphatase levels.
Elevated serum bilirubin levels.
High triglyceride levels in blood.
And macrocytic anemia.

Ultrasonography, CT, and MRI are useful in establishing the diagnosis of fatty liver.
They are also useful in assessing the complications of fatty liver.

There is no definitive treatment for fatty liver disease.
However, treatment of other co-morbidities such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes are essential in the management.

General measures include abstinence from alcohol,
Quitting smoking,
Dietary modifications,
Regular exercising,
Weight loss,
And treatment of underlying disease conditions.

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