Baltimore, United States - July 09, 2025 A groundbreaking video shows a surgical robot completing a complex gallbladder removal procedure entirely on its own, without any human assistance. The video captures the robot executing a 17-step operation that required it to identify ducts and arteries, place clips with precision, and sever tissue using surgical scissors. The robot, called Surgical Robot Transformer-Hierarchy (SRT-H), learned the procedure by watching videos of Johns Hopkins surgeons operating on pig cadavers. After this training, it performed the surgery with 100% accuracy. This marks the first time the robot operated on a lifelike patient. During the procedure, it responded to spoken instructions such as “grab the gallbladder head” and adjusted its actions based on feedback like “move the left arm a bit to the left.” Researchers said the robot handled unpredictable conditions and changes in anatomy with the control and composure of an expert surgeon. “This advancement moves us from robots that can execute specific surgical tasks to robots that truly understand surgical procedures,” said Axel Krieger.