Ciprofloxacin is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is used to treat a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections.
It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, and thereby preventing their replication.
More specifically, ciprofloxacin binds to the bacterial enzymes DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2, which are essentially required for the strict regulation of DNA replication.
When these enzymes are occupied by ciprofloxacin, they are no longer able to perform their functions, resulting in synthesis of abnormal DNA molecules, and termination of DNA replication.

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