Once again, the Polar Vortex has returned to Duluth and the big lake is busy making ice. This morning was a breathtaking -17°F (-27°C) ambient temperature (-40°F windchill) by Lake Superior, and sea smoke was abundant.

Sea smoke is a winter fog that forms from evaporative cooling of the lake. When the frigid air moves over the comparatively warmer water, steam-like plumes rise from the surface and gracefully glide across the lake, eventually forming clouds that can deliver lake effect snow.

Our timing was fortunate during this shoot, and we were able to observe flame-like illuminations on the lighthouse. We have concluded that it was caused by the sun's rays being reflected off the top right window of the lighthouse and back-lighting the passing sea smoke. We enjoyed the flame effect on such a frigid morning!