Researchers have begun exploring the hidden deep-sea coral reefs off the coast of Florida, uncovering vibrant ecosystems beneath the waves.

Footage shows the mesophotic coral ecosystems located on the West Florida Shelf, offering a rare glimpse of deep marine habitats.

Diverse soft corals and fish were also spotted in the area.

Florida Atlantic University's Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute has received a 999,664 USD grant from the Florida RESTORE Act Centers of Excellence Program to lead a three-year study of these ecosystems.

Mesophotic coral ecosystems are found at depths between 30 and 150 metres. They support a wide variety of marine life and important fisheries but are not well understood.

Unlike shallow reefs, these deeper systems rely on nutrients brought in by ocean currents and river flows.

Authorities said the project will study how ocean currents and nutrient movements affect reef health. Four research cruises will use underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) to collect video, images, and samples of coral, plankton, and sediment.

A new imaging system called AUTOHOLO, developed by FAU Harbor Branch, will be used to record plankton communities.

Instruments will also be placed on the seafloor to monitor conditions such as temperature, oxygen levels, pH - which indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the water - nutrients, and currents.

The research team, led by Dr Mingshun Jiang, includes scientists from Florida State University and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University.

NOAA researchers will collaborate on fish larval studies, focusing on species such as gag and red grouper.

The project aims to map seafloor habitats, compare reef health in areas with different nutrient levels, and fill gaps in knowledge about what sustains these coral ecosystems.

Dr James M. Sullivan, executive director of FAU Harbor Branch, said the project will provide important data for marine management.

He added: 'The data gathered will not only fill major knowledge gaps but also give managers the tools they need to make informed decisions – from designing conservation strategies to identifying new marine protected areas.

'These ecosystems support valuable fisheries and biodiversity, and outcomes from this project will help ensure their resilience for the future.'